Comparison of cropping practices between B. These data strongly support the hypothesis of exclusive, or a high rate of, clonal multiplication. Alleles are then converted to characters, and a leading zero is added to an allele if it does not have enough digits. Elephants from savanna (orange) and forest (green) locales form distinct groups. The dialogue shows a histogram that reflects the distribution of distances over the classes and permits editing. If the alleles are still too big to be represented by the number of digits specified, write.GenoDive repeatedly subtracts a number ( 10 (digits-1) 10 if digits2) from all alleles at a locus until the alleles are small enough. (C) Neighbor-joining phylogram depicting the genetic relationships among elephants by locale, based on the STR data using the chord distance. Each population thus consists of a few (four to nine) multilocus genotypes which are specific to each location. For a correlogram, the matrix of geographical distances needs to be converted into a set of distance classes in the genodive GUI, this can be done in a dialogue that allows the use to choose between equidistant classes (breaks between classes are equally spaced) or equifrequent classes (where the spacing is changed to have approximately the same number of distances in each class). The occurrence of the mating‐type idiomorphs always significantly departed from the 1:1 proportion expected in the case of random mating. Fourteen minisatellite markers revealed a high proportion of repeated multilocus genotypes in these populations, combined with a significant linkage disequilibrium and strong clonal fraction (65–87%). Race structure was characterized by an unusually low diversity at three locations out of four. The race structure and genotypic diversity of four Leptosphaeria maculans populations isolated from Brassica oleracea (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, etc.) in central Mexico (Aguascalientes, Guanajuato and Zacatecas states) were analysed. Clonal populations of Leptosphaeria maculans contaminating cabbage in Mexico Clonal populations of Leptosphaeria maculans contaminating cabbage in Mexicoĭilmaghani, A.
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